Sachgebiete

Beschreibung:

1328 S. Originalleinen mit Schutzumschlag.

Bemerkung:

Umschlag berieben und zum Teil eingerissen, sonst gutes Exemplar. - Text in russischer Sprache - nut Titel und Klappentext auf Englisch. - Aus Wikipedia: "Laut der Glottaltheorie hatte die Indogermanische Ursprache anstelle der stimmhaften Plosive b d g der klassischen Rekonstruktion die Ejektive p? t? k?. Ein Vorgänger dieser Theorie wurde vom dänischen Linguisten Holger Pedersen vorgeschlagen, enthielt jedoch keine glottalisierten Laute. Auch wenn Linguisten wie André Martinet und Morris Swadesh früh das Potential erkannten, das mit der Ersetzung der unaspirierten stimmhaften Verschlusslaute durch glottalisierte Laute verbunden war, blieb dieser Vorschlag rein spekulativ, bis 1973 stichhaltige Beweise gleichzeitig und unabhängig voneinander von Paul Hopper (USA) in der Zeitschrift ?Glossa? und von Thomas Gamkrelidze und Wjatscheslaw Iwanow (UdSSR) in der Zeitschrift ?Phonetica? veröffentlicht wurden." - THIS TWO-VOLUME WORK applies language typology and linguistic universals to theoretical problems of historical comparative linguistics and language reconstruction. Diachronic linguistics is investigated hand-in-hand with ethno-cultural problems pertaining to establishing proto-homelands and time depths of protolanguages and their daughter dialects. The theoretical premises and methodology provide a new approach to linguistic and ethnogenetic reconstruction in general, and to traditional problems in comparative Indo-European studies in particular. PART ONE reconstructs the grammatical system of Proto-Indo-European on different structural levels: phonological, morphological, and syntactic. A new phonological reconstruction is proposed, one which radically restructures the received view of the Proto-Indo-European sound system, especially its consonantism. It necessitates a basic reinterpretation and reformulation of the principle neogramrnarian Sound Laws such as Grimm's Law, Grassmann's Law, etc. On the basis of comparative and typological evidence, the traditional and classical four-fold (later three-fold) system of Proto-Indo-European stops, which historically was patterned mainly on Sanskrit, is given a phonological reinterpretation whereby the "plain voiced stops" are viewed as initially glottalized. The three-fold stop series in the new interpretation are: I, glottalized; II, voiced (-aspirate); III, voiceless (-aspirate), where aspiration is a phonetically relevant, but phonemically redundant allophonic feature. This revision of the consonantism is known in current Indo-European comparative studies as the Glottalic Theory. This new consonantal pattern of Proto-Indo-European was advanced by the authors as early as 1972 and later elaborated upon in separate publications. The book sums up their work in this direction. In addition, the book presents an original mor-phosyntactic model of Proto-Indo-European and takes a new look at its diachronic transformations into the historical Indo-European languages. On the glottalic analysis these transformations prove to be totally different from those traditionally assumed. The archaic Proto-Indo-European stop inventory turns out to be closer to those of languages traditionally viewed as having undergone later consonant shifts or "Lautverschiebung" (Germanic, Armenian, Hittite), while languages traditionally considered phonologically conservative (especially Old Indian) prove to have undergone complex phonemic transformations in their consonantism. The book gives a complete reformulation of all the basic comparative work in Indo-European. PART TWO presents a semantic reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European lexical system. It provides a vocabulary of Proto-Indo-European lexemes, reconstructed according to the new phonological pattern and arranged by semantic groups. The lexemes are structurally analyzed with respect to both their form and the material and cultural-historical content of their designata (signifies). The reconstructed semantic vocabulary gives a substantive basis for inquiry into the original homeland, areal contacts, and possible prehistoric migrations of the Proto-Indo-European-speaking tribes. Semantic analysis of the reconstructed vocabulary and its implications for the ecological environment and the material and spiritual culture of tribes speaking ancient Indo-European dialects places the center of diffusion of these dialects, and consequently the Proto-Indo-European homeland, somewhere in the broad area extending from the Balkans in the west to northern Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau in the east, in the fifth to fourth millennia B.C. Numerous lexical items shared among Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Semitic, South Caucasian, and sometimes other ancient Near Eastern languages, further narrow down the potential homeland to a particular area in southwest Asia. This posited homeland necessitates a complete revision of the received view of the Proto-Indo-European speakers' migrations to their historical locations on the Eurasian continent. The concluding chapters of Part Two establish new trajectories for prehistoric migrations and a new picture of the Indo-European dialect break-up. (Klappentext).